Evidence for the plague of boils which God brought upon Egypt may have come to light. In 2009 a fellow researcher, Ed Kaspar, wrote an article in which he proposed that the Exodus Pharaoh was Thutmose II. This is based upon recent CAT scans of the pharaoh's mummy as well as quotes from the original archaeologists that examined the mummy back in 1886 and 1912. The examinations and CAT scans revealed that Thutmose II had scarring on his flesh which may have come from a skin disease consistent with that of boils. Other mummies of individuals who were alive at the same time as Thutmose II were also found to have this same scaring. Those mummies included his wife Queen Hatshepsut, her wet nurse Sitre-In, and her stepson Thutmoses III.        One Biblical timeline when matched up against one commonly used Egyptian Pharaoh timeline also has the Exodus falling on a date very close to the death of Thutmose II. (See link to timeline analysis in the resource section at the end of this article.)   To read Ed Kaspar's original article discussing his theory "Click Here" by permission (Copyright 2009 Ed Kaspar)

If Thutmose II was in fact the Pharaoh of the Exodus, there are some very interesting coincidences to support this. For example one common Egyptian timeline has Thutmose II dying in 1479 B.C., this would therefore be considered the date of the Exodus. According to the Bible, Moses was 80 years old at that time. Adding 80 Biblical years to 1479 B.C would give the date of his birth. (Note a Biblical year is based upon a 360 day calender year not 365 days. So 1479 + (80 years x 360/365) =  1558 B.C. the date of Moses birth. The most likely candidate for Pharaoh at this time was a man  named Tao Brave II. What is interesting about him is that all of his children's names, both sons and daughters, were comprised of the name "mose".  Their names were  Ahmose, Kamose, Ahmose-Nefertari, Ahmose-Henuttamehu, Ahmose, Ahmose-Henutemipet, Ahmose-Meritamon, Ahmose-Nebetta, Ahmose-Sipair. and Ahmose-Tumerisy.         Tao Brave II also was the one who began a war against foreigners "Hyksos" in the land of Egypt. This could tie in with the pharaoh's decree to kill Israel's newborn who were considered foreigners in their land. If in fact he was the pharaoh at the time of Moses birth, one his daughters would have been the one who had Moses pulled from the water.

If the Exodus occurred in 1479 B.C. then Moses would have fled from pharaoh Amenhotep  after killing an Egyptian 40 years earlier in 1519 B.C.  Another interesting coincidence is that during his reign "Amenhotep I" led a campaign against Kush better known as Ethiopia. This is interesting because according to Josephus, Moses took part in a military campaign against the Ethiopians before fleeing Egypt. And according to Josephus that is when Moses met his Ethiopian wife.       According to the Bible, Israel spent 430 years in Egypt. So 1479 + (430 x 360/365) = 1903 B.C. the year at which Jacob entered Egypt under the protection of Joseph. One possible candidate at this time was pharaoh Senusret I. An interesting artifact was found dating to his reign known as the "Inscription of Ameni" which accounts a famine, possibly referring to the famine of Joseph's time. The inscription reads:       "There was no widow whom I oppressed, there was no peasant whom I repulsed, there was no shepherd whom I expelled, there was no overseer of laborers whose people I took for (unpaid) imposts, there was none wretched in my community, there was none hungry in my time. When years of famine came I plowed all the fields of the Oryx nome, as far as its southern, and northern boundary, preserving its people alive and furnishing its food so that there was none hungry therein. I gave to the widow as to her who had a husband; I did not exalt the great above the small in all that I gave. Then came great Niles, possessors of grain and all things, but I did not collect the arrears of the field."       Sesostris I also had a vice royal named Mentuhotep who many think might be Joseph, Mentuhotep held the following titles : Vizier, Chief Judge, Overseer of the Double Granary, Chief Treasurer, Governor of the Royal Castle, Wearer of the Royal Seal, Chief of all the Works of the King, Hereditary Prince, Pilot of the People, Giver of Good, Sustaining Alive the People, Count, Sole Companion, Favourite of the King’,  Joseph would have held some of these titles, although the Bible call his Egyptian name Zaphnath-Paaneah not Mentuhotep.

Some question as to whether or not Thutmose II could have been the Exodus pharaoh because he would have had to have a son that perished in the plague on the firstborn of Egypt. To date there is only one known son of Thutmose II, who was Thutmose III. He ruled as pharaoh after him. So unless Thutmose II had another son who died in the plague of the firstborn, it would eliminate him from being the Exodus pharaoh.         But if in fact he was, his body bares the marks of God's judgement upon Egypt.   Moses gave the Law, Jesus Fulfilled the Law:         "Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill.        "For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled.  "Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.                                                             Matthew 5:17-19 (NKJV)   Righteousness does not come by keeping the Law, Jesus declares righteous those who have been crucified with Christ:         "For I through the law died to the law that I might live to God. "I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me. "I do not set aside the grace of God; for if  righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died in vain."  Galatians 2:19-21 (NKJV)     THE JUST SHALL LIVE BY FAITH         For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them."  But that no one is justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for "the just shall live by faith."        Yet the law is not of faith, but "the man who does them shall live by them." Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree"), that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. . . . Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor. For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. Galatians 3:10-26 (NKJV)   REDEEMED FROM THE LAW         But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, "Abba, Father!" Galatians 4:4-6 (NKJV)

Download this Article (188 kb)

The entire Book (1,818  kb)

Resources:   The Holy Bible, Author: The Lord God Scripture taken from the New King James Version unless noted.   Article: “Evidence of the Exodus, Scars from the Plague of Boils” Click here to read article by Author; Ed Kaspar   http://www.biblehistory.net/Exodus_Evidence.pdf copyright © 2009 Ed Kaspar   Discovery Channel video “Secrets of Egypt’s Lost Queen” Cat scans of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Sitre-In, and  Thutmoses III   Analysis of 4 possible Exodus scenarios (Matching 2 proposed Bibical timelines against 2 Commonly used Egyptian Pharaoh timelines) Scenario #3 arrives at a date which is very close to the death of Thutmose II.   Click here to see timeline analysis http://www.biblehistory.net/Exodus_Date.pdf Author: John Argubright   Josephus The Essential Writings, Author: Paul Maier, ISBN 0-8254-2964-1 pg. 48 pharaoh’s daughter named “ther-muthis (moses)” pg.49-50 Moses battle in Ethiopia and his Ethiopian wife   Inscription of Ameni account of famine during Sesostris I reign. http://reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/ameni.htm   Artwork: “The Plague of Boils” copyright © 2009 www.jupiterimages.com   Artwork: “Pharaoh’s daughter drawing Moses from the water” copyright © 2009 www.jupiterimages.com   Artwork: “Joseph in Egypt” copyright © 2009 www.jupiterimages.com

Copyright © 2009 www.biblehistory.net All Rights Reserved someimages © -2009 www.clipart.com No permission is granted to download and save these images